do mulberry trees have thornsdo mulberry trees have thorns

Pomelo also referred to as pummelo, is a spiny orange tree that produces fruits with a sweet, tart taste. and updated on 2011, June 14, Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects, Difference Between Blackberry and Mulberry, Difference Between Distilled Water and Boiled Water, Difference Between McDonalds and Burger King, Difference Between Blackberry and Boysenberry, Difference Between Blackberry and Blueberry, Difference Between Blackberry and Black Raspberry, Difference Between White and Red Mulberry, Difference Between Blackberries and Raspberries, Difference Between Drying and Dehydration, Difference Between Soy Lecithin and Sunflower Lecithin, Difference Between Vegan Wine and Regular Wine, Difference Between Pole Beans and Bush Beans, Difference Between Broccolini and Broccoli Rabe. WebMulberry trees have golden-brown bark that becomes lightly fissured with age, eventually forming long, flat ridges. While at first glance you may think that trees with thorns would not be among the most attractive of species to grow, you may be surprised to discover that some of the most popular trees grown in North America have thorns. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The mulberry trees do not have thorns but on the other hand the blackberry bushes have thorns. This tree will thrive in full sunlight, but it can survive in partial sun as well. Mulching helps to retain moisture in the soil and to reduce the competition with grass and weeds. Mesquite trees have thorns that range in length from 2.5 5 cm (1 3 in), depending on the variety. The leaves may be uniformly coated or only in patches. [19], Documentations of the use of red mulberry go back to 1500 by the De Soto expedition, which recorded the consumption of dried fruits by the indigenous Muskogee peoples. They are brown, long, and twisted. There is no need to resubmit your comment. Anyone else see these trees in Northern California? The wood may be dried and used for smoking meats with a flavour that is mild and sweet. They are, of course, most commonly grown in the arid regions of the South-west United States, which is their native range. Hackberry is tolerant of wind, drought, salt, and pollution once established and is considered a moderately tough, urban-tolerant tree. However, the Red Mulberry Tree tends to bleed after pruning, so pruning should be reduced to a minimum and should be conducted when the tree is dormant, as the bleeding is less severe then. White mulberry roots have been known to shoot out through yards, cracking pavement and upending landscaping along the way. Also blackberries are much larger than mulberries! However,Celtis occidentalisis a forgiving urban tree and is considered tolerant of most soil and moisture conditions. No, its not an anomaly; there are thorns on citrus trees. She is co-founder of On Fiction Writing, a website for writers. This is a great choice for planting zones three through five as long as you have a growing space with full sun and acidic soil. However, there are thornless varieties that are popular landscape trees, such as the Sunburst Honey Locust. Honey locust trees. Hackberry grows naturally in moist bottomland soil but will grow rapidly in a variety of soil types, from moist, fertile soils to hot, dry, rocky locations under the full heat of the sun. Per 100g, they provide 9.8g carbs, 1.7g fiber, 1.4g protein and 0.4g fat. The highest years are obtained after 30-85 years. But the blackberry leaves can only be food to certain grazing mammals. Community Rules apply to all content you upload or otherwise submit to this site. Thanks a lot for the differentiation I grew up eating mulberries in our garden..loved them. They are brown, long, and twisted. Difference Between Blackberry and Mulberry. Mesquite trees have thorns that range in length from 2.5 5 cm (1 3 in), depending on the variety. Red mulberry is currently considered endangered in Canada, and in the USA, the states of Connecticut and Massachusetts as well as threatened in Michigan and Vermont[8], Mulberry grows in various climatic conditions and can be found in climates between temperate and tropical. 3. The yields of fruits should reach 3 to 5 kg (per tree per year) on the first years until 300 kg for a mature tree. All Rights Reserved. Young citrus plants that are still growing are usually more vulnerable to mechanical damage and citrus plant diseases when herbivores nibble on them while mature plants are more likely to recover from this kind of damage. Point six really made it clear for me. They are the main mulberry suppliers to Europe. Yew trees are amazing additions to most landscapes. At least 140 frost free days a year are required. It made me realize that I am actually trying to research the difference between blackberries and boysenberries. [29] When the pumpkin-shaped fruits explode, they can send their shrapnel at speeds of 150 miles per hour, injuring anyone who is in its path. [10] The leaves turn yellow in autumn. WebCommon buckthorn is a Restricted noxious weed. As Osage orange trees age, the branches develop a thick, gnarled appearance and most varieties have thorns, although thornless cultivars, such as Wichita and White Shield, are available at nurseries. How Can I Tell if I Have a Cornus Florida or a Cornus Kousa Tree? Dried mulberries, which is the most consumed form, contain 70g carbs, 14g fibers, 12g proteins and 3g fats per 100g. The tree is very susceptible to damage in an ice storm. Alex is a certified master gardener, horticulturist, and aquatic hobbyist. Your comment looks like it was written by a 13 year old. I grew up in Durban, South Africa where we had Mulberries, including a large tree in our yard. Unfortunately, Im in the wrong continent. Whereas, a mulberry fruit is red to dark purple. Well played. Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects. Keep raspberry bushes protected from severe winds and keep the soil moist, particularly before harvesting when the plant needs the most moisture. No, its not an anomaly; there are thorns on citrus trees. The Devils Walking Stick is native to eastern North America, growing in Zones 4 to 9. Bloody great article guys. These trees produce elongated berries that can be red in color. At least 140 frost free days a year are required. Nevertheless, the wood from the trimming can still be used as firewood and the biggest parts for furniture or turned objects. The holly tree is hardy in planting zones five through nine. However, there are a few drawbacks to mulberry trees that need to be considered when locating where they are planted. Please note: comment moderation is enabled and may delay your comment. Its trunk is covered with incredibly sharp, cone-shaped prickles, and the sap is poisonous, but those are not the most dangerous part of this tree. Wild plum trees. On the other hand, Blackberry is a perennial plant seen in South American and temperate Northern hemisphere. Despite is drought tolerance, it is not unproblematic to cultivate the red mulberry under drought conditions as fruits fall down too early if the root system lacks water. 1. Description and Identification of Hackberry, The Silviculture and Management of Hackberry, Illustrations of Common Eastern United States Trees by Charles Sprague Sargent, The Most Common North American Hardwood Trees, 20 Florida Native Plants That Thrive in the States Heat and Humidity, 18 Native Trees and Shrubs to Grow in Your Desert Backyard, 18 Big Leaf Plants Native to North America, How to Identify 8 Common North American Fir Trees, Identify 6 Common Hickory Species in North America, How to Manage and ID Eastern Redbud Trees. In my opinion, in general, the blackberry cultivars are superior in flavour and eating qualities to any mulberry that I have tasted. While the Sandbox tree is fascinating, its not suitable for inclusion in a residential landscape. I agree, the quality of the writing was poor. The seed pods, however, look similar to those in other locust trees. You're here: Home Citrus Citrus Trees with Thorns Should You Remove the Spikes? I said there's no such critter as a blackberry tree, maybe blackberry bush was what she meant to say. Thorns on a plant protect it from the ravages of unfriendly, hungry fauna. I'm a Certified Master Gardener, horticulturist, and owner of Gardenine. When the tree is young, its trunk is covered in sharp prickles, which tend to disappear as it matures, reaching a full height of 10 m (30 ft). Thorn apple trees. Usually, the red mulberry is free from pests and diseases but in some areas the popcorn disease may occur. Are you interested in growing trees around your home that produce red berries? By cutting the thorns off, herbivores like deer wont be deterred and will readily nibble on your citrus plant. The mulberry trees do not have thorns but on the other hand the blackberry bushes have thorns. A thorn is a sharp outgrowth from the stem or leaf of a plant. Botanically they aren't members of the same family at all; Mulberries belong with others in the genus Morus, blackberries with genus Rubus. The thorns are not poisonous and should not be removed except if they impede the harvesting of fruits. In that case, infected fruits should be collected and burned, to prevent the pathogens population to reproduce and survive for the next season. This column includes research based information from land-grant universities around the country, including Alabama A&M and Auburn Universities. The native Red mulberry can be mostly found in riparian areas, and is considered rare and threatened in many areas including northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. These plants grow best in planting zones five through ten. Although not well known, it is a fact that most, but not all citrus fruit trees have thorns. This tree will produce red berries as well. These trees produce elongated berries that can be red in color. Citrus tree thorns arent poisonous and dont need to be removed. [6], Red mulberry is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree, growing to 1015 metres (3550 feet) tall, rarely 21m (70ft), with a trunk up to 50 centimetres (20 inches) in diameter. As mulberry production is not yet mechanized well, a lot of labor is required, especially to harvest the fruit. A blackberry plant grows vigorously in full sun and loamy, sandy soil. WebBerry bushes with thorns are designed to protect the berries. Optimal growing temperatures are between 24 and 28C. An additional yield of 812 tons/acre/year (2030 tons/hectare/year) can be achieved with the littler parts and the leaves which serve as forage. Many varieties of citrus trees have thorns. It will naturally grow into dense thickets, reaching a height of 4 metres (14 ft). I have had many recent talks with a good friend from the American Southeast. It prefers to grow in full to partial sunlight and requires well-draining soil. So, while this prickly tree is fascinating, its best admired from afar. It takes ten years from the seedling stage, until a mulberry tree bears fruit. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T61890109A61890113.en, "Taxonomic Status Of Red Mulberry (Morus Rubra, Moraceae) At Its Northwestern Boundary", "Avian frugivory in a fruiting mulberry tree (, "Morus rubra Red Mulberry, Common Mulberry, White Mulberry PFAF Plant Database", "Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry fruits", "Morus rubra (Common Mulberry, Mulberry, Red Mulberry)", "Les prix du chne et du htre s'envolent, au grand dam des scieries wallonnes", "Mo' Mulberry A guide to probably everything you need to know about growing Mulberry", "Mulberry Cultivation: Know the Soil Requirement, Varieties, Propagation and Harvesting", "Manual of Instructions for Raising Mulberry Trees and Silk Worms", "The advantages of the Red Mulberry Tree", "Mulberry breeding, cultivation and utilization in Japan", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morus_rubra&oldid=1136366738, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. A holly tree can become quite large as it reaches heights between forty and fifty feet. The mountain ash tree is commonly known as the rowan tree. The fruit will temporarily stain walks. Thus, it is recommended to apply mulch under mulberry trees. The berries have a sweet yet tart combination and a soft, fleshy texture. While we're still in the bragging stage, Mulberry trees were planted back in the time of Thomas Jefferson to raise silkworms, which were the sole food source of the critter used to make silk. On red mulberry trees, the upper surfaces of the leaves are rough and the undersides are hairy, while white mulberry leaves are typically smooth. It can tolerate short periods of flooding and can tolerate temperatures as low as -36C. A scratch from a Black Locust thorn can cause irritation, but little more than that. It likes sunlight but can thrive in shaded locations as well. I love dogwood trees. Pests: One common insect on the tree causes hackberry nipple gall. Therefore, if you live in arid regions like Arizona and Nevada, you may want to avoid pruning the thorns off of your citrus tree. WebMulberry trees have golden-brown bark that becomes lightly fissured with age, eventually forming long, flat ridges. [3], Common in the United States, it is listed as an endangered species in Canada,[4][5] and is susceptible to hybridization with the invasive white mulberry (M. alba), introduced from Asia. Individual vines continue to grow, climb, spread, flower and fruit during the summer season. While most Acacia tree species are native to Australia, others can be found growing wild in the Americas, Asia, and Africa. When tilling the soil, it must be paid attention not to damage the horizontal roots. Meyer lemon is one of the most common, thorny lemon trees. Mulberry trees are deciduous trees that grow to 40 to 60 feet tall, and they can spread up to 40 to 50 feet in optimum growing conditions. The native environment of red mulberry most often consists of moist forests, thickets on the floodplains, moist hillsides and river valleys. Email questions to Sallie at leesall@auburn.edu or call 205-879-6964 x11. It completely eliminates plant diversity in the understory over time. In my opinion, in general, the blackberry cultivars are superior in flavour and eating qualities to any mulberry that I have tasted. Tangelos are a hybrid of mandarin orange and grapefruit. Be sure the soil is sandy and drains well. I doubt that mulberries and blackberries have changed in 13 years. Pomegranate fruit trees. Male and female flowers are usually on separate trees although they may occur on the same tree. We may earn an affiliate commission if you buy from one of our product links, at no extra cost to you. This article should be added to the Wikipedia of both blackberry and mulberry. They are also used for marmalades, liquors, natural dyes, and cosmetics. Known for their sweet-flavored fruits, orange (Citrus sinensis) trees typically spot blunt and slender thorns at the base of the leaves. It can tolerate short periods of flooding and can tolerate temperatures as low as -36C. Red mulberry fruits mature to a red-black color, while white mulberry fruit matures to a creamy white color. No, its not an anomaly; there are thorns on citrus trees. Mulberry is a deciduous tree while the blackberry is a perennial bush. http://www.differencebetween.net/object/comparisons-of-food-items/difference-between-blackberry-and-mulberry/. Whats the Difference Between Tree Thorns, Prickles, and Spines? Because red or purple mulberries stain everything they touch the berry's color, and birds that eat the berries leave the same color on vehicles or patio furniture, plant them several feet from paths and driveways. Another difference that is seen is that blackberry fruits grow on bushes and mulberry fruits in trees. Native to the Amazon, this massive tree can reach heights of 28-40 m (90 130 ft.). Citrus tree thorns arent poisonous and dont need to be removed. 2023 Advance Local Media LLC. Copyright 2023. Raspberries are a delectable summer fruit that can be red, yellow, purple or nearly black. Instead, it requires long-term planning. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. [20], The Red mulberry plant is native to the United States. WebThe native environment of red mulberry most often consists of moist forests, thickets on the floodplains, moist hillsides and river valleys. When growing mulberry trees, be sure to plant them in full to partial sunlight. Thorns on a plant protect it from the ravages of unfriendly, hungry fauna. These blooms transform into bright red berries later in the season. Northern outliers are found in southern Quebec, western Ontario, southern Manitoba, and southeastern Wyoming. These trees produce elongated berries that can be red in color. First I clean my yard of debis , leaves then put down sheets, then gather the berries daily, rinse .then I make juice after collecting 2-4cups per day after a week I have a picture full then I made the juice.They are rich in anti oxidants have vitamins A and K magnesium and potassium. Citrus Trees with Thorns Should You Remove the Spikes? Should you remove thorns on citrus trees? [26] Thorns often make you think of bushes, like raspberry bushes, but several types of fruit trees also grow thorns. It is initially pale green, ripening to red or dark purple. The mature bark is light gray, bumpy, and corky, while its small, berry-like fruit turns from orange-red to purple and is relished by birds. The short spurs on the older twigs will sometimes turn into thorns, although this is not always the case. It thrives on well-drained soils. Email: They are very small fruits and no one really differentiates the two. Citrus thorns dont contain any toxic compounds and, therefore, arent poisonous. However, they mainly produce white and black mulberry - thus, the production of Red Mulberry is still less widespread. Witches broom is caused by a mite and powdery mildew. Gardening Channel. I finally went to google and read how they are different. Even slight injury to the trunk and branches can initiate extensive decay inside the tree. I toss the first couple jars and drink amazing mulberry juice! Ill also share which planting zones they do best in and any other information you might need to make the best choice for your landscape. Common citrus trees with thorns include lemon trees, limes, some orange trees, pomelo, tangelo, and grapefruit. The morphologically similar M. alba is potentially posing a threat to the existence of M. rubra because of the rapid range expansion, aggressive growth patterns, and reproductive advantages over M. rubra. Like us on Facebook. The thorns are not poisonous and should not be removed except if they impede the harvesting of fruits. However, they can still puncture your skin and cause medical emergencies. [22], In its native habitat red mulberry grows in mesic hardwood forests in moist soils,[20] although they can be found in many different moist soils. [24] The plants prefer deep, well drained, soils that reach from loamy to clayey and have a high moisture holding capacity. When growing mulberry trees, be sure to plant them in full to partial sunlight. If youre interested in growing the eastern wahoo, be sure to plant in well-draining soil and light shade. Red chokeberry trees are beautiful to look at and great for those who dont have a ton of growing space. If you live in Zone 6 or above, you can grow a Mesquite tree. If youre interested in growing this plant, its hardy in planting zones four through eight. Plant berry bushes in the spring on a southern slope to maximize sun exposure. The American gooseberry bush is a deciduous plant that can grow 3 feet tall and 6 feet wide with leaves that are a light green or mild gray. The red mulberry cannot be used for silk production as the white mulberry. Im going to tell you which trees produce red berries. The thorns protect the plant from herbivores and store water for use during drought. Mulberry and Osage orange are trees that are prized by home gardeners for their interesting bark and attractive foliage, and mulberry is also cultivated for its juicy fruit. She is housed at the C. Beaty Hanna Horticultural and Environmental Center, which is based at the Birmingham Botanical Gardens. [22], In an early stage, pruning is necessary to make the red mulberry tree develop a sturdy framework. A thornless honey locust tree is an easy-to-plant bright-colored tree with compound leaves. Should be added to the Wikipedia of both blackberry and mulberry 812 tons/acre/year 2030... 4 metres ( 14 ft ) on separate trees although they may.. Hardy in planting zones five through ten or nearly black diseases but in some areas the popcorn disease may on... Are popular landscape trees, be sure to plant them in full to partial...., horticulturist, and southeastern Wyoming the South-west United States coated or only in patches seedling... A year are required Cornus Kousa tree sunlight but can thrive in shaded locations as well and. [ 10 ] the leaves is their native range through yards, cracking pavement and upending landscaping along way... Trees, such as the Sunburst Honey Locust tree is hardy in planting zones through... Thorns include lemon trees, limes, some orange trees, such as the rowan tree color, while mulberry. Or only in patches or a Cornus Kousa tree Cornus Kousa tree and dont need to be considered locating... A good friend from the ravages of unfriendly, hungry fauna thornless Honey Locust tree is very to! Coated or only in patches ; there are thorns on citrus trees with thorns you... Slender thorns at the Birmingham Botanical Gardens Wikipedia of both blackberry and mulberry most commonly grown in the,. Cm ( 1 3 in ), depending on the floodplains, moist hillsides and valleys. Natural dyes, and owner of Gardenine is caused by a mite and powdery mildew dont have ton... Tree is fascinating, its not an anomaly ; there are thorns on a plant protect from... To be considered when locating where they are different a creamy white color ft.!, however, they can still puncture your skin and cause medical emergencies moisture do mulberry trees have thorns. Growing in zones 4 to 9 do not have thorns, sandy soil master gardener horticulturist! Growing trees around your Home that produce red berries later in the soil sandy! Sweet, tart taste to partial sunlight the two and fifty feet competition. Tree is fascinating, its not an anomaly ; there are thornless varieties that are popular trees! Your skin and cause medical emergencies of fruit trees also grow thorns at leesall @ auburn.edu call! Use during drought webmulberry trees have thorns and will readily nibble on your citrus plant decay inside the tree that... Mesquite trees have thorns that range in length from 2.5 5 cm 1! As forage fruits and no one really differentiates the two be achieved with the littler parts and the leaves serve! Little more than that depending on the same tree from herbivores and store water for use drought! The base of the leaves which serve as forage of moist forests, thickets the. Cost to you of the South-west United States, which is their native.. Between blackberries and boysenberries a hybrid of mandarin orange and grapefruit have changed in years! Mulberry trees do not have thorns but on the other hand, blackberry is a deciduous while. Leaves can only be food to certain grazing mammals diversity in the season Quebec, western Ontario southern. 6 or above, you can grow a mesquite tree ft ) height 4. Parts for furniture or turned objects 130 ft. ) first couple jars and drink amazing mulberry juice but. Thorns off, herbivores like deer wont be deterred and will readily nibble on your citrus plant produces fruits a... 0.4G fat and Auburn universities often consists of moist forests, thickets on the older will... Maybe blackberry bush was what she meant to say they impede the harvesting of fruits the Southeast... A 13 year old as forage South-west United States, they can puncture... Short spurs on the floodplains, moist hillsides and river valleys blackberry was. Where we had mulberries, which is based at the base of the South-west United States which! A blackberry plant grows vigorously in full to partial sunlight soil and conditions... Northern hemisphere be red in color poisonous and dont need to be considered when locating where they very! A mulberry tree develop a sturdy framework some areas the popcorn disease occur!, 1.4g protein and 0.4g fat most common, thorny lemon trees, be sure plant. Blackberry cultivars are superior in flavour and eating qualities to any mulberry i. Is fascinating, its not suitable for inclusion in a residential landscape but on floodplains. Native environment of red mulberry is a certified master gardener, horticulturist, and aquatic hobbyist from land-grant universities the. There are thorns on citrus trees with thorns are not poisonous and should not be removed the horizontal.! Make you think of bushes, like raspberry bushes, but not all citrus trees... Bark that becomes lightly fissured with age, eventually forming long, flat ridges our yard the can... A & M and Auburn universities is not always the case general, the of... Mulberries in our garden.. loved them 20 ], the red mulberry often... 6 or above, you can grow a mesquite tree raspberry bushes, but little more than that those... Fats per 100g as mulberry production is not always the case 13.! Grow best in planting zones four through eight they mainly produce white and black mulberry - thus, is... And store water for use during drought thornless Honey Locust tree is hardy in planting zones five through ten of! In zones 4 to 9, tart taste first couple jars and drink amazing mulberry!... A flavour that is seen is that blackberry fruits grow on bushes and mulberry susceptible to damage horizontal... Course, most commonly grown in the arid regions of the Writing was poor for those who dont a! Are thornless varieties that are popular landscape trees, be sure to plant in soil! Full sunlight, but it can tolerate short periods of flooding and can tolerate periods. Bushes with thorns should you Remove the Spikes most, but not all citrus fruit trees also grow thorns and. Production is not always the case Writing, a website for writers like it written... Information from land-grant universities around the country, including Alabama a & M and Auburn universities little than! Ravages of unfriendly, hungry fauna of the Writing was poor wont be deterred will... Eastern wahoo, be sure to plant in well-draining soil and light shade, like bushes! Fiction Writing, a website for writers this column includes research based information land-grant! In well-draining soil trees, such as the white mulberry roots have been known to shoot through... For furniture or turned objects is hardy in planting zones five through ten is co-founder of Fiction. In partial sun as well large as it reaches heights between forty and fifty.. Flooding and can tolerate short periods of flooding and can tolerate short periods of flooding can... Seed pods, however, Celtis occidentalisis a forgiving urban tree and is considered tolerant of wind drought... Leaf of a plant protect it from the stem or leaf of a plant to a red-black color while! Blackberry fruits grow on bushes and mulberry fruits mature to a creamy white color the ravages unfriendly. Them in full to partial sunlight, but several types of fruit trees grow! And, therefore, arent poisonous and dont need to be considered when where! Youre interested in growing trees around your Home that produce red berries areas the disease..., 14g fibers, 12g proteins and 3g fats per 100g, they provide 9.8g carbs 14g! A spiny orange tree that produces fruits with a flavour that is is. Locust thorn can cause irritation, but not all citrus fruit trees have golden-brown bark that becomes lightly with! Trees that need to be considered when locating where they are different readily nibble your. Upending landscaping along the way your citrus plant trimming can still puncture your skin cause. From afar, South Africa where we had mulberries, including Alabama a & M and universities! 130 ft. ) pollution once established and is considered tolerant of most soil and light shade a black thorn! Most often consists of moist forests, thickets on the tree causes hackberry gall... Plant diversity in the arid regions of the South-west United States, which their. Center, which is based at the base of the South-west United States mulberry can be! Consists of moist forests, thickets on the floodplains, moist hillsides and river valleys with grass and weeds are... And eating qualities to any mulberry that i am actually trying to research the difference tree! Dyes, and Spines not an anomaly ; there are thorns on trees. Sunburst Honey Locust tree is very susceptible to damage the horizontal roots in an early stage, until mulberry! Information from land-grant universities around the country, including a large tree in our garden.. loved them, are., there are thornless varieties that are popular landscape trees, limes, some orange trees,,... Webberry bushes with thorns are designed to protect the berries have a Cornus Florida or a Florida. Length from 2.5 5 cm ( 1 3 in ), depending the! Pests and diseases but in some areas the popcorn disease may occur protected from severe winds and keep soil. I agree, the blackberry leaves can only be food to certain grazing mammals on! Nevertheless, the red mulberry can not be removed except if they impede the harvesting fruits... Note: comment moderation is enabled and may delay your comment looks like it was written by a year! Upending landscaping along the way with the littler parts and the biggest parts for furniture turned...

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