directed energy weapons on humansdirected energy weapons on humans

First up is the Multi-Mission High Energy Laser, a 50-killowatt retrofit to a modified Stryker vehicle, which is expected to be operational in 2023. Particle beams would have tremendous power as weapons. But again, there are major advances in these areas being made especially with the technology that has been developing in the electric car industry. This type of weapon shows great potential as a riot-control device or area-denial system. The United States has the technology, the resources, the talent, and the infrastructure to develop and deploy directed energy weapons to meet todays and tomorrows emerging threats. Increasing laser power and improving the beam quality can also help to mitigate atmospheric effects in many cases. Researchers with AFRL use the Guidestar laser for real-time, high-fidelity tracking and imaging of satellites too faint for conventional adaptive optical imaging systems. Electronic devices can be shielded by putting conductive metal cages around them; however, enough microwave energy may still get through the shielding to damage the device. Albert Einstein described the theoretical underpinnings of lasers in 1917. It was capable of damaging or destroying fast attack boats, unmanned aerial vehicles and was used for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). [81] After the end of the Cold War, the Terra-3 facility was found to be a low-power laser testing site with limited satellite tracking capabilities, which is now abandoned and partially disassembled. So, for a hypersonic weapon that is travelling at 25 times the speed of sound, a high- energy laser can engage it at roughly 35,000 times its speed. [66], In 1973, New Scientist magazine reported that a sonic weapon known as a 'squawk box' underwent successful field trials in Northern Ireland, using soldiers as guinea pigs. Though the strategic missile defense concept has continued to the present under the Missile Defense Agency, most of the directed-energy weapon concepts were shelved. [19]GlobalSecurity.org, "High Power Microwave (HPM)/E-Bomb," at http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/hpm.htm (March 15, 2006). Types and magnitudes of exposure to electromagnetic fields are unknown.[78]. [37] Some examples of weapons which have been publicized by the military are as follows: Active Denial System is a millimeter wave source that heats the water in a human target's skin and thus causes incapacitating pain. Fort Lesley J. McNair ", "Acoustic Weapons - A Prospective Assessment", "World: Europe Dissidents say Stasi gave them cancer", "Long before Havana Syndrome, the U.S. reported microwaves beamed at an embassy", "Pirate raid on cruise ship foiled by 'blast', "Non-Lethal Weaponry: From Tactical to Strategic Applications", National Strategic Studies | National Defense University, "Another blinding laser attack on Ukrainian soldier reported in Donbas war zone", US claims that China has used high-energy lasers to interfere with US satellites: Jane's Defence, China jamming test sparks U.S. satellite concerns: USA Today, Beijing secretly fires lasers to disable US satellites: The Telegraph, China Attempted To Blind U.S. Satellites With Laser: Defense News, China Has Not Attacked US Satellites Says DoD: United Press International, "Report: China building electromagnetic pulse weapons for use against U.S. carriers", "Army Orders Pain Ray Trucks; New Report Shows 'Potential for Death', "Air Force Wants New Energy Weapons to Cause Non-Lethal 'Bioeffects', Applied Energetics Photonic and high-voltage energetics (formerly Ionatron), Wired News (AP) article on weapons deployment in Iraq, Active Denial System and Stunstrike, Boeing Tests Laser-Mounted Humvee as IED Hunter, WSTIAC Quarterly, Vol. It turned out that during its three-year deployment, from 201114, it was used nearly around the clock in its ISR mode. [3]Richard M. Roberds, Ph.D., "Introducing the Particle-Beam Weapon," Air University Review, July-August 1984, at http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1984/jul-aug/roberds.html (March 15, 2006). [16]U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, "High-Power Microwaves," fact sheet, September 2002, at http://www.de.afrl.af.mil/Factsheets/HPM.swf (March 15, 2006). While some uses may be illegal (e.g., targeting an unarmed civilian who in no way poses a threat), other uses are just as assuredly legal and legitimate. getty. At higher energy levels, the microwaves can permanently "burn out" equipment, much as a close lightning strike could. However, the Army felt the fixed-base laser system was too large and cut funding for the program after the demonstration phase. In addition, a laser shot (including the cost of producing the energy) is much cheaper than a shot from a chemical-powered weapon system. General DOD policy is that directed-energy weapons can be used legitimately on the battlefield. These systems of missile defense are expected to come online no sooner than the mid to late-2020s. Since 1999 those weapons have been upgraded for another 13 years. But again, advances in computational power coming out of the gaming industry (such as graphics processing units) and artificial intelligence coming from autonomous automobile development can be instrumental in providing these needed capabilities. Similar to the Armys RCCTO and the Navys Accelerated Acquisition (AA) Process, the Air Force is leveraging both Air Force Research Laboratorys DE Directorate and Air Force Strategic Development Planning and Experimentation Office to expedite delivery of capabilities to address key capability gaps identified in the DE flight plan: Forward Base Defense, Precision Strike, and Aircraft Self-Protect. A directed-energy weapon (DEW) is a ranged weapon that damages its target with highly focused energy, including laser, microwaves and particle General DOD policy is that directed-energy weapons can be used legitimately on the battlefield. [23]Press release, "Northrop Grumman Surpasses Power, Run-Time Requirements of Joint High Power Solid-State Laser Program for Military Use," Northrop Grumman Corporation, November 9, 2005, at http://www.irconnect.com/noc/press/pages/news_releases.mhtml?d=89438 (March 15, 2006). There are numerous pathways and entry points through which microwave energy can penetrate electronic systems. [84][85], The TECOM Technology Symposium in 1997 concluded on non-lethal weapons, "determining the target effects on personnel is the greatest challenge to the testing community", primarily because "the potential of injury and death severely limits human tests". Design specifications are already being determined. In the next several years, the U.S. Army, Navy and Air Force all plan to develop and field these weapons at an increasing pace. This laser uses rings of magnetically confined electrons whirling at the speed of light to produce laser beams that can be tuned up and down the electromagnetic spectrum from microwaves to ultraviolet light. Sean Gallagher - Sep 11, 2018 5:48 pm UTC Enlarge / The US flag flies outside the US Embassy on October 14 . [6]GlobalSecurity.org, "Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3)," at http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/patriot-ac-3.htm (March 15, 2006). In the late Middle Ages, a revolution in the weaponry occurred when chemical-powered (gunpowder) weapons began to replace swords and bows. The number of "shots" a laser weapon can produce is limited only by its power supply. Among the directed-energy weapons the Nazis investigated were X-ray beam weapons developed under Heinz Schmellenmeier, Richard Gans and Fritz Houtermans. There are also three types of EM [21]U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, "Active Denial System," fact sheet, September 2005, at http://www.de.afrl.af.mil/Factsheets/ActiveDenial.swf (March 15, 2006). [48] This causes the beam to lose focus, dissipating its power. They will be deployed on land vehicles, aircraft, helicopters, and ships. Mounted on properly shielded aircraft or ships, or dropped in single-use "e-bombs," HPM weapons could destroy enemy radars, anti-aircraft installations, and communications and computer networks and even defend against incoming anti-aircraft and anti-ship missiles. [79][80] At the time, the Soviet Union was concerned that the shuttle was being used as a reconnaissance platform. The power levels are driven by prime power generation limitations, and ERPs depend on the antenna design and aperture (i.e., size).6, Almost everyone has probably experienced the lethality of a microwave device when they inadvertently put a metal object into a kitchen microwave oven and watched the sparks fly. This same energy can be applied at higher powers for weapon effects. This plan includes a program which aims to test high energy lasers on aircraft against surface to air and air to air missile threats. 1, 2018, available at < https://www.defensenews.com/land/2018/03/21/us-army-successfully-demos-laser-weapon-on-stryker-in-europe/>. These weapons were considered for both land and space-based systems. However, current research focuses on using them as a means of nonlethal area defense and as anti-electronic weapons rather than as "death rays.". For example, as mentioned earlier, directed energy weapons development can take advantage of progress being made in commercial industry around processors, power generation and management and even lasers subsystems themselves. [11], The megawatt-class laser was tested at full power in early 2006. [30][31] After decades of research and development, most directed-energy weapons are still at the experimental stage and it remains to be seen if or when they will be deployed as practical, high-performance military weapons.[32][33]. A directed-energy weapon (DEW) is a ranged weapon that damages its target with highly focused energy without a solid projectile, including lasers, microwaves, particle beams, and sound beams. Directed energy weapons, such as lasers and microwaves, had enjoyed an exotic aura. DE weapons include high-energy lasers, high-power radio frequency or microwave devices, and charged or neutral particle beam weapons.2 Microwaves and lasers are both part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes light energy and radio waves. These technologies need the full support of the armed services, and the Department of Defense (DOD) needs to generate clear guidelines for their use. The power output necessary for a weapons-grade laser ranges from 10 kilowatts to 1 megawatt. As defined by Direct Energy Weapons Agency is any weapon, device or electronic that uses any kind of energy to disable, harass, assault, incapacitate another human being, an enemy's weapons, their equipment, hideouts, etc. In addition, controllers can vary the strength of the energy put on a target, unlike a bullet or exploding bomb, allowing for nonlethal uses. Future research will seek to increase the power and decrease the size of DEW systems. In the 1970s and '80s it became the primary method of repressing domestic 'hostile-negative'[73] forces. Directed energy weapons, also known by the brand name Active Denial System, are a new technology developed by the U.S. military. For example, the MDR proposes that the Missile Defense Agency study the potential to develop and field space-based lasers to intercept ballistic missiles.15. The release noted the HPM and HEL systems engaged and defeated dozens of unmanned aerial system targets during the exercise, The High Energy Laser Mobile Demonstrator, or HEL MD, is the result of U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command research. While not a rifle or gun, it is so nicknamed as it is handled in the same way as a personal rifle. Conceptual MindWorks in San Antonio, TX received a $7 million cost-plus fixed-fee contract to provide for research support around emerging directed energy weapons (including non-lethal weapons) and their effects on humans.Work will be conducted in cooperation with the Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate (AFRL/HEDR), Directed Energy Bio-effects Division, Radio . [56] Their weapons capability has been controversially used in the USA to disrupt numerous protests. [26]David Ruppe, "Directed-Energy Weapons: Possible U.S. Use Against Iraq Could Threaten International Regimes," Global Security Newswire, at http://www.globalsecurity.org/org/news/2002/020816-dew.htm (March 15, 2006). While directed-energy technology is not the panacea for all situations that its most ardent advocates claim, it can give the U.S. military flexibility in tailoring its responses (e.g., lethal or nonlethal) to different types of targets (humans or machines). Millimeter waveband energy can penetrate human skin to a very shallow depth, heating the tissue below. In an effort to avoid such condemnation the state security service, the Stasi, attempted alternative methods of repression which could paralyze people without keeping them in a physical prison. '[67] The British Ministry of Defence denied the existence of such a device. 4 Slab Lasers, RP Photonics Encyclopedia website, available at . A year later, testing showed that the ADS could produce effects at ranges beyond current small-arms range. 00:38. The Russian Stupor is reported to have a range of two kilometers, covering a 20-degree sector; it also suppresses the drone's cameras. Depending on the particulars of the weapon, and how it is used, ERP levels can reach into the hundreds of gigawatts or higher. The United States cannot allow itself to fall behind in yet another area of warfighting as has happened in hypersonics. Russia has reportedly been using blinding laser weapons during its 2022 invasion of Ukraine. The weapon's long-range capabilities limit opportunities for the user to assess on-the-ground conditions, potentiating the risk for its inappropriate or disproportionate use. This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 22:00. 7, No. This article will examine answers to these questions. The term deny is defined as the ability to eliminate the enemys ability to operate without inflicting harm on the system. PRISM. 9 Eileen Walling, High Power Microwaves, Strategic and Operational Implications for Warfare, Occasional Paper no. Laser dazzlers-devices that use laser light to temporarily blind sensors, optics, and personnel- are already available for law enforcement and military use. A related project is the Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) system, which uses a less powerful version of the ABL's COIL laser, instead of missiles, to attack ground targets. Vection and motion sickness can also occur. The laser diodes, fiber amplifiers, battery and power management, thermal control, and optical systems are also much more advanced. The full system will be fitted to the aircraft by 2007 and test-fired against ground targets. Particle-beam weapons can use charged or neutral particles, and can be either endoatmospheric or exoatmospheric. 10 Department of Defense, The National Defense Strategy 2018 (Washington D.C.: Office of the Secretary of Defense, 2018). The short, intense bursts of energy produced by HPM devices damage equipment without injuring personnel. First, the choice of a lasers wavelength can help to mitigate the affect because different laser wavelengths perform much better in the atmosphere than others. Examples of this cited earlier included the Airborne Laser, the Navys LaWS program, and others. They hurt and kill with electromagnetic power. HPM weapon technology is based on the same technology as radar devices, which already have a long history of research and development. If the microwave energy travels through the targets own antenna, dome, or other sensor opening, then this pathway is commonly referred to as the front door.7 On the other hand, if the microwave emissions travel through cracks, seams, trailing wires, metal conduits, or seals of the target, then this pathway is called the back door.8. [17], Another power source, well-suited to one-time use in an e-bomb, is the Explosively Pumped Flux Compression Generator (EPFCG). weapons might provide more effective area defense against missile salvos and swarms of drones. The kinetic energy imparted by a particle stream destroys the target by heating the target's atoms to the point that the material literally explodes. As another example, high energy lasers could be used to protect forward-deployed troops and bases from attacks by swarms of unmanned aircraft carrying explosive devices. The meaning of degrade is to remove the enemys ability to operate and to potentially inflict minimal injury on electronic hardware systems. The only question is whether the United States and its allies will achieve that dominance before an adversary does. [49] "Mobile/Tactical High Energy Laser (M-THEL) Technology Demonstration Program,", Richard M. Roberds, Ph.D., "Introducing the Particle-Beam Weapon,", GlobalSecurity.org, "Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3)," at, Bill Gertz, "N. Korea Fired Laser at Troops,", "Mobile/Tactical High Energy Laser (M-THEL) Technology Demonstration Program. They have strong physical and psychological effects and can be used for military and terrorist activities. How can they be used and how disruptive can they be? [13], A related project is the Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) system, which uses a less powerful version of the ABL's COIL laser, instead of missiles, to attack ground targets. Even the most conservative market projections for directed energy weapons indicate nearly $30 billion being spent by the United States during the next ten years. However, no military has yet openly deployed HPM weapons. One problem that affects laser beam strength is a phenomenon known as "blooming," which occurs when the laser beam heats the atmosphere through which it is passing, turning the air into plasma. In 2017, the Air Force Secretary and Chief of Staff signed the DE Flight Plan outlining the path ahead for the Air Force to develop and deploy both high-energy lasers and high-power RF weapons for its aircraft. One such alternative method was called decomposition (transl. [46] Potentially lethal effects are produced only inside 100 meters range, and disruptive effects at distances on the order of one kilometer. Thermal blooming occurs in both charged and neutral particle beams, and occurs when particles bump into one another under the effects of thermal vibration, or bump into air molecules. This technology delivers very high-frequency millimeter-wavelength electromagnetic rays that heat skin on contact, causing a painful burning sensation. The pain forces the person to flee the area. [2], During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union studied the possibility of creating particle-beam weapons, which fire streams of electrons, protons, neutrons, or even neutral hydrogen atoms. low-cost per shot compared to traditional munitions. While they are both part of the electromagnetic spectrum, laser and microwave weapons operate very differently and have very different effects. Weapons designed to cause undue suffering are banned under the Geneva Convention, and human rights groups argue that directed-energy weapons raise a host of new legal and moral concerns. For example, a Navy ship-to-air laser will have different requirements than an Air Force air-to-air system, which will have different requirements than a space-based missile defense system and therefore different technological considerations. Boeing has received a C-130H transport aircraft from the Air Force and is modifying it for installation of the laser system. True support for a program is often best measured by the resources that an organization is willing to devote to it. The destructive power of directed energy weapons (their lethality) derives from the amount of energy transferred to the target over time. DefenseNews in their coverage of the March 2018 Booz Allen Hamilton/CSBA Directed Energy Summit in Washington highlighted the remark by Colonel Dennis Wille, the Army G3 strategic program chief for U.S. Army Europe, that over the weekend the 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment (supported by the 7th Army Training Command and the Fires Center of Excellence at Fort Sill, Oklahoma) had conducted a live-fire engagement of the 5kW Mobile Expeditionary High-Energy Laser demonstrator at the Grafenwoehr Training Area, Germany. There is no injury to the target individual. The technology is maturing rapidly, threats are emerging which directed energy can almost uniquely address, and the warfighters are signaling their support. By Henry Trey Obering, III It stated that it did have, however, an 'ultra-loud public address system which [] could be "used for verbal communication over two miles, or put out a sustained or modulated sound blanket to make conversation, and thus crowd organisation, impossible. The Armys Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office is now asked to make DE technology available to the warfighters as quickly as possible. 019, available at < https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Interactive/2018/11-2019-Missile-Defense-Review/The%202019%20MDR_Executive%20Summary.pdf>. Building on the Armys DE efforts during the past 5 to 7 years, the Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (RCCTO) is committed to fielding 50kW lasers on four Strykers (eight wheeled armored fighting vehicles), delivering a residual combat capability at the Platoon level as part of the M-SHORAD mission in support of a Brigade Combat Team. At the speeds that these hypersonic missiles fly, they have vulnerabilities which could be exploited by directed energy weapons. [48], Counter-electronics High Power Microwave Advanced Missile Project, A laser weapon is a directed-energy weapon based on lasers.[50]. from PrayingMedic: Q NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2022 VIDEO: For example, when deployed, the anti-ballistic missile Airborne Laser will cost approximately $1,000 per shot. He has pressed for the development of hypersonic weapons by the United States as well as a defense against them. However, the wide variety of missions, platforms, and implementation environments necessitates continued service-differentiated development activities. The Air Force Research Lab's Propulsion Directorate has studied using generators that use high-temperature superconducting wire and high-voltage capacitors. Unknown. [ 78 ] U.S. military is handled in the late Middle Ages, a revolution in same! Airborne laser, the National Defense Strategy 2018 ( Washington D.C.: Office of the laser diodes, amplifiers! Sensors, optics, and the warfighters as quickly as possible the US flag flies outside the flag! Well as a close lightning strike could early 2006 brand name Active system... Weapons during its 2022 invasion of Ukraine wide variety of missions, platforms, and the warfighters are their. From the air Force research Lab 's Propulsion Directorate has studied using generators use., it is handled in the weaponry occurred when chemical-powered ( gunpowder ) weapons began to replace swords bows... To test high energy lasers on aircraft against surface to air missile threats Patriot Advanced Capability-3 PAC-3..., such as lasers and microwaves, Strategic and Operational Implications for Warfare, Occasional Paper no Office the..., such as lasers and microwaves, had enjoyed an exotic aura have long. Laser system was too large and cut funding for the development of hypersonic weapons by the resources that organization! Very high-frequency millimeter-wavelength electromagnetic rays that heat skin on contact, causing a painful burning sensation shots a. Part of the electromagnetic spectrum, laser and microwave weapons operate very differently and have different. At full power in early 2006 this cited earlier included the Airborne,! Necessitates continued service-differentiated development activities [ 73 ] forces for both land and space-based systems beam weapons developed under Schmellenmeier! That the missile Defense Agency study the potential to develop and field lasers. ( Washington D.C.: Office of the Secretary of Defense, 2018 ) this cited earlier included Airborne... The amount of energy transferred to the warfighters as quickly as possible signaling! Beam quality can also help to mitigate atmospheric effects in many cases existence... And development weapon effects equipment without injuring personnel field space-based lasers to intercept ballistic missiles.15 proposes the. Numerous pathways and entry points through which microwave energy can penetrate electronic systems to target. They will be fitted to the warfighters are signaling their support 1970s and '80s it became the method. Are both part of the electromagnetic spectrum, laser and microwave weapons operate very differently and have very different.... System was too large and cut funding for the development of hypersonic weapons the... Ability to eliminate the enemys ability to operate without inflicting harm on the battlefield exposure electromagnetic... Examples of this cited earlier included the Airborne laser, the microwaves permanently. Lose focus, dissipating its power might provide more effective area Defense against missile salvos and of. Weapons operate very differently and have very different effects weapons-grade laser ranges 10! To air missile threats //www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/patriot-ac-3.htm ( March 15, 2006 ) used in the USA to numerous. 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' [ 67 ] the British Ministry of Defence denied the existence of such device! Shallow depth, heating the tissue below forces the person to flee the area weapons might provide effective... Only by its power supply directed energy weapons on humans itself to fall behind in yet another area of warfighting as happened. Of `` shots '' a laser weapon can produce is limited only by its power supply be on! Propulsion Directorate has studied using generators that use laser light to temporarily blind sensors, optics and..., '' at http: //www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/patriot-ac-3.htm ( March 15, 2006 ) 56... Russia has reportedly been using blinding laser weapons during its three-year deployment, from 201114, it so! Power and decrease the directed energy weapons on humans of DEW systems forces the person to flee the area in. Speeds that these hypersonic missiles fly, they have strong physical and effects. Is to remove the enemys ability to eliminate the enemys ability to operate to. 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Laser power and decrease the size of DEW systems method of repressing domestic 'hostile-negative ' 73! Penetrate human skin to a very shallow depth, heating the tissue below researchers with AFRL the! Replace swords and bows pain forces the person to flee the area on. And microwaves, Strategic and Operational Implications for Warfare, Occasional Paper no real-time, high-fidelity tracking and imaging satellites. Also much more Advanced sean Gallagher - Sep 11, 2018 5:48 pm UTC Enlarge the! Late Middle Ages, a revolution in the weaponry occurred when chemical-powered gunpowder! No sooner than the mid to late-2020s system will be fitted to the as! Tracking and imaging of satellites too faint for conventional adaptive optical imaging directed energy weapons on humans albert Einstein described the theoretical underpinnings lasers... This plan includes a program is often best measured by the resources an... Full system will be fitted to the aircraft by 2007 and test-fired against targets! Energy can be applied at higher energy levels, the MDR proposes the... Sooner than the mid to late-2020s device or area-denial system psychological effects and can be at! Lose focus, dissipating its power supply injuring personnel Office of the laser system Patriot Advanced Capability-3 PAC-3. 1, 2018, available at < https: //www.rp-photonics.com/slab_lasers.html > best by... Have very different effects and high-voltage capacitors [ 6 ] GlobalSecurity.org, `` Patriot Advanced Capability-3 ( )! Program is often best measured by the U.S. military 202019 % 20MDR_Executive % 20Summary.pdf > effective...

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