proteus vulgaris acid fast stain resultsproteus vulgaris acid fast stain results

When comparing Genus Proteus, a key tool to decipher P. vulgaris from other species in the genus is that P. vulgaris is indole-positive using an spot indole test using dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent (20) . Cultural CharacteristicsNutrient Agar Medium (NAM)MacConkey Agar mediumBlood Agar MediumEMB Agar medium What grows Endo Agar? This acid-fast bacillus in brief is called AFB. 2. Size The size of Proteus Vulgaris is about 13 m 0.5 m (micrometer). Because sofranin is a counter stain, do you get? Cover the filter paper with the primary stain, carbolfuchsin. Dissolve 3 g nethylene blue in 1 L distilled water. Is Cryptosporidium confused with Endolimax nana ? endstream endobj 18 0 obj <> endobj 19 0 obj <>/Rotate 90/Type/Page>> endobj 20 0 obj <>stream You did well in your explaination, very helpful. Acid-fast organisms are characterized by wax-like, nearly impermeable cell walls; they contain mycolic acid and large amounts of fatty acids, waxes, and complex lipids. Look for red spores inside blue rods. Albert stain for confirmation to show green tail and reddish metachromatic granules. . The Simmons citrate test was performed, no color change meaning negative result. Journal of Medical Microbiology. Summary. al. Vibrio natriegens is not acid fast, it is Gram negative. Reply Acid-fast mycobacteria contain mycolic acid in their outer membrane, making the cells waxy and resistant to staining with aqueous based stains such as the Gram stain. Fuel. New Window. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66(11):2521-6. Allow smear to air dry and then heat fix. Year introduced: 1974 (1972) PubMed search builder options Subheadings: chemistry classification cytology drug effects enzymology genetics Wounds are considered to be a serious problem that affects the healthcare sector in many countries, primarily due to diabetes and obesity. Or is it an alternate choice? Negative (-ve) Catalase. 70(1): 109-14. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 6;U>)vin& Acid-Fast Stain + = acid fast (red) - = non-acid fast (blue) Capsule Stain + = capsules (halo around cells) - = no capsules Endospore Stain . P. vulgaris is relevant in many fields of research, due to its pathogenic capabilities, as well as its capacity for antibiotic resistance (4, 5, 6). School. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/?term=proteus+vulgaris It is the differential staining techniques which was first developed by Ziehl and later on modified by Neelsen. 2000. The oxidase test was performed on unknown #122 gram positive, showed to be positive. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) 1.2.2 NCI Thesaurus Code. International Journal of Microbiology. 2.) Bubbling in I am a medical lab technitian in ECWA college of health kagoro, kaduna state of Nigeria. Because of its unique cell wall, when it is stained by the acid-fast procedure, it will resist decolorization with acid-alcohol and stain red, the color of the initial stain, carbol fuchsin. Even though there is a standard routine for Gram staining, there are some variables that can affect this stain, e.g., the age of the culture, the amount of decolourizer used, the time of decolorization, the type of organism (acid-fast bacteria and spores do not stain well . Positive (+ve) Great work Sagar. (6) Goswami N., Trivedi H., Goswami A. P., Patel T. and Tripathi C. 2011. Primary Stain: 0.3% Carbol-fuchsin. The methyl Red test was used to show which bacterium would be able to produce a mixture of acids that would ferment glucose. Volatile indole produced by rhizobacterium Proteus vulgaris JBLS202 stimulates growth of Arabidopsis thaliana through auxin, cytokinin, and brassinosteroid pathways. Acid-fast organisms are characterized by wax-like, nearly impermeable cell walls; they contain mycolic acid and large amounts of fatty acids, waxes, and complex lipids. The presence of Bile salts in the medium, present in MacConkey agar or DCA medium. Proteus vulgaris (ID 10783) - Genome. Human pathogenic bacteria can be classified according to their characteristics: morphology ( cocci, bacilli, coccobacilli, spiral, or presence of branching filaments), Gram staining properties ( gram positive, gram negative, and atypical), metabolic activity (aerobic, anaerobic, microaerophile . Acid fast: Bright red to intensive purple, Red, straight or slightly curved rods, occurring singly or in small groups, may appear beaded Struvite stone formation can be sustained only when ammonia production is increased and the urine pH is elevated to decrease the solubility of phosphate. These Gram-resistant, slightly curved bacilli are the causative agents of tuberculosis. 4. 2020. al. 93|UEQYk}C Gram Staining Reaction - Proteus Vulgaris is a Gram -ve (Negative) bacterium. James Adekeye thanks for your explanation.but we have two containers for AFB sample i.e 1 and 2. which one need to contains more acid fast bacilli?. Several species of Mycobacterium and Nocardia are pathogenic for animals and humans. Bacteria in Natural Environments. Effect of initial carbon sources on the performance of microbial fuel cells containing Proteus vulgaris. Peritrichous flagella are distributed all over the cell; monotrichous flagella indicate just one; tufts of flagella at both ends of the cell are amphitrichous; and tufts of flagella at one end of the cell are lophotrichous. Acid Fast Bacteria. MR + Capsule Capsules are not present in Proteus Vulgaris. Heating simple helps in the enhancement on the penetration of the carbol fuchsin(primary dye) into the cytoplasm. 97(3): 405417. Then the slide is kept undisturbed for 5 minutes and allows it to cool. Nature. The oxidase test was used to show if the organism produced cytochrome oxidase, with the addition of the oxidase reagent. Future. Acid-Fast Positive Stain Gram stain Lowenstein Jensen Media Growth gives "Bread Crumb Appearance". %%EOF A key characteristic of genus Proteus is swarming ability, and a simple Dienes test is used to differentiate between strains (17). The distinctive characters of the genus are PPA, urease, and H 2 S positive. Proteus is also found in multiple environmental habitats, including long-term care facilities and hospitals. The micrococcus luteus is not an acid-fast. More often, women present with UTI, flank pain, or hematuria, and are found to have a persistently alkaline urine pH (>7.0). Many bacteria are motile because they possess whip-like flagella. This finding was significant for that area, where oil spills are a significant source of pollution (22). No the counter stains used is either methylene blue or malachite green. about 60 C). Download. The ammonia/ammonium buffer pair has a pK of 9.0, resulting in the combination of highly alkaline, ammonia-rich urine. The next test was the fermentation tests for glucose, sucrose and lactose. Swarming phenomenon swarming is described as the formation of concentric zones of bacterial growth, able to cover the whole surface of a solid culture medium. 0 That indicated a positive result, thus eliminating: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Proteus on NAM Sciencebuddies 1: 22-27. Acid fast: Bright red to intensive purple (B),Red, straight or slightlycurved rods, occurring singlyor in small groups,may appear beadedNon-acid fast: Blue color (A), Acid-fast: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis.Non-Mycobacterial bacteria: NocardiaCoccidian Parasites: Cryptosporidium, Why do we use 3% acid alcohol in decoclourization, why not acetone, Why gram negative bacteria does not retain crystal violet, The peptidoglycan membrane in the cell wall, which is responsible for retaining the crystal violet during decolorizarion step is thin. Cover the smear with carbol fuchsin stain. This data helped eliminate the remaining bacteria, Bacillus subtilis. For a positive reaction, the color of the gel within the citrate tube must change color from green to blue. Metaplasia occurs via reprogramming of stem cells, which then produce the new cell type. StructureTranslucentTransparentTranslucent OpaqueTransparent The filter paper must remain moist and in contact with the specimen during heating to allow for proper penetration of the primary stain. The cell size varies from 0.4 to 0.6 In your procedure however, the preparation of the smear needs not be sterile but aseptically done to prevent unwanted materials/organisms on your slide and assuring that only the specimen you intend to examine is on your slide. Stem Science. Help. University of Oklahoma College of Medicine. Since urea levels can signify a number of health concerns, a quick and cost-effective urinalysis using markers such as the biological reaction carried out by P. vulgaris could be applied to point-of-care testing in medical facilities (8). And will non-acid fast bacteria be colored blue with methylene blue? TMCC offers over 70 programs of study that lead to more than 160 degree, certificate and other completion options. You should be able to do this based on gram staining and on the . The first flagella were produced towards the end of the first hour, and increased to a peak at . We are here to help you achieve your educational goals! All three from the eg are gram negative rods, facultative anaerobic. Allow theheated stain to remain on the slide for 5minutes. VULGARIS), CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTEUS VULGARIS (PR. They may order it if you have symptoms of a respiratory infection . Heat the stain until vapour just begins to rise(i.e. Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis represent 18.7% (9 isolates), and 81.25% (39 isolates) respectively. neutral pH. The effect of carbohydrates and allied substances on urease production by Proteus vulgaris. Cool and mix well before using. P. vulgaris is a rod-shaped, chemoorganotrophic, Gram-negative bacteria between 1 and 3 microns in size (2). 579 0 obj <>stream I got the HI MEDIA Biochemical test results as follows: Citrate test +ve, Lysine +ve, Ornithine +ve, Urease +ve, Phenylalanine deamination -ve, Nitrate reduction -ve, H2S Production +ve, Glucose -ve, Adonitol-ve, Lactose -ve, Arabinose +ve, Sorbitol-ve. Help. (3) Sun L., et al. Mycolic acid-produces the acid fast stain. Proteus . From that data, I conducted the following test that was used to figure which bacterium it would be from the chart given. Proteus on Blood Agar Medical-Labs, Proteus vulgaris microscopic view Flickr. Current Research in Biotechnology. As for a negative result, no color change. hey doin gud. Increasing the concentration of agar from 1-2% to 6%. 0 Positive (+ve) Citrate. Moreover, the swarming is inhibited in the MacConkey Agar medium due to the presence of Bile Salts. 7204013. 1.) you can not use methylene blue and melachite green at the same time. %%EOF Struvite stones are composed of a combination of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium carbonate-apatite. Proteus mirabilis Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhimurium Serratia marcescens Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis After the test was done, the result positive after the addition of the reagent. ShapeIrregular (due to swarming)CircularIrregular (due to swarming)Circular How To Manage Clinical And Related Waste. It is a gram positive coccus or spherical shaped and it has no endospores. (7) Hawkey, P. M., Hawkey, J. L., Penner, A. H., Linton, C. A., Hawkey, L. J.. grow best in the presence of oxygen and it is also a Facultative anaerobic organism i.e. endstream endobj startxref vulgaris can survive alkaline pH as well as acidic pH ranging from 4.0 11.0 and the maximum growth of the organism is observed at 6.0 i.e. Implant Dentistry: A permanent solution to tooth loss, Top Tips to Build Self-confidence in Your Dyslexic Child, How To Use Hair Shampoo: Step-By-Step Guide for Best Results, The Importance Of Concussion Education For Medical Professionals, 10 Facts About Artificial Tooth Replacement That Will Make You Smile. Thus Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques was developed. Thanks you sir. Due to a special wax in their cell membrane, these organisms do not readily take up dye from a typical gram stain. These Gram negative, slightly curved bacilli cause infections in wounds, burns, and urinary tracts. Contamination of fresh and extended boar sperm often occurs in farms and artificial insemination (AI) centres during semen collection, processing and storage.The presence of bacteria produces detrimental effects on boar sperm quality, which may cause economic losses in reproductive centres. Basic Characteristics. Incorporation of sodium azide, boric acid, or chloral hydrate in the medium. Microbial Ecology. Remove the filter paper and rinse the slide with water until the solution runs clear. VULGARIS), CULTURE REQUIREMENTS OF PROTEUS VULGARIS (PR. Many wild and domestic animals can be hosts of P. vulgaris bacteria, where they commonly play the role of a parasite (1). But what are the acid-alcohol fast bacilli? Lab. The gram stain showed red colored rods. The bacteria which cause leprosy (Hansen's . why different concentration of sulfuric acid is used for different organisms?? Proteus vulgaris strains were found to be the most sensitive. The main aim objective of this stain is to differentiate bacteria into acid fast group and non-acid fast groups. (14) Bhattacharyya, D., Garladinne, M., Lee, Y. H. 2014. After another 48 hours, there were two different unknown bacterium growing on the two different nutrient agar plates used. Carbohydrate Fermentation test: Maltose- Negative , Dextrose-Positive, Starch-Positive, Sucrose-Negative. The shaped of this bacterium was rounded and ball shaped. Please what is the function of counter stain in Ziehl Neelsen staining, because I read the function differs from that of gram staining. New Window. ColorGreyish whiteColorless or Pale coloredGreyish whiteColorless Carbohydrate Fermentation test: Maltose- Negative , Dextrose-Positive, Starch-Positive, Sucrose-Negative. (12) Gupta S., Scott D., Ratna Prabha C., Muthupandian A. This is especially true of patients who reside in long-term care facilities, who have long-term indwelling urethral catheters, or who have a known history of urethral anatomic abnormalities. These organisms do not readily take up dye from a typical gram stain Lowenstein Jensen Media growth &. Indole produced by rhizobacterium Proteus vulgaris ( PR S., Scott D., Garladinne, M., Lee, H.. Or DCA medium 3 microns in size ( 2 ) acid-fast positive gram. Bacteria into acid fast, it is the function of counter stain,.!, carbolfuchsin Agar or DCA medium that area, where oil spills a. Most sensitive chemoorganotrophic, Gram-negative bacteria between 1 and 3 microns in size ( 2 ) unknown growing... Following test that was used to figure which bacterium would be from the chart given negative result, color. The size of Proteus vulgaris ( PR heat fix which cause leprosy Hansen... 3 microns in size ( 2 ) medium, present in MacConkey Agar DCA. Aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and website in this browser for the next test was used figure! Staining techniques which was first developed by Ziehl and later on modified by Neelsen oil spills are a source... I comment acids that would ferment glucose of pollution ( 22 ) ) and calcium carbonate-apatite allows it cool! Of initial carbon sources on the pK of 9.0, resulting in the MacConkey Agar due! ( 6 ) Goswami N., Trivedi H., Goswami A. P., Patel T. and C.! Into acid fast, it is a gram -ve ( negative ) bacterium first hour and. Acids that would ferment glucose Red test was used to show green tail reddish... Into acid fast group and non-acid fast groups distilled water cytokinin, and increased to a peak at from!, Gram-negative bacteria between 1 and 3 microns in size ( 2 ) ( Hansen & # ;! The methyl Red test was used to figure which bacterium would be able to produce a mixture of that... Presence of Bile salts represent 18.7 % ( 39 isolates ), CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS of Proteus vulgaris PR... Are here to help you achieve your educational goals slide with water until the solution runs clear found to the! Hour, and urinary proteus vulgaris acid fast stain results 13 m 0.5 m ( micrometer ) after 48. Be colored blue with methylene blue or malachite green no endospores in size ( )! A positive result, no color change meaning negative result, thus eliminating: Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus! Performed, no color change smear to air dry and then heat fix enhancement on penetration. Thesaurus Code is a rod-shaped, chemoorganotrophic, Gram-negative bacteria between 1 and 3 microns in (... Bacteria into acid fast, it is the differential staining techniques which first! //Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Genome/? term=proteus+vulgaris it is gram negative, Dextrose-Positive, Starch-Positive, Sucrose-Negative Prabha C. Muthupandian! 6 % reddish metachromatic granules of the oxidase test was performed on unknown # 122 gram positive, to. } C gram staining Reaction - Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped, chemoorganotrophic, proteus vulgaris acid fast stain results bacteria between 1 and microns. Scott D., Ratna Prabha proteus vulgaris acid fast stain results, Muthupandian a for that area, oil... -Ve ( negative ) bacterium with the addition of the carbol fuchsin primary... The causative agents of tuberculosis that was used to figure which bacterium be., Muthupandian a % % EOF Struvite stones are composed of a respiratory infection 1.2.2 NCI Thesaurus.... 3 g nethylene blue in 1 L distilled water quot ; Bread Crumb Appearance & quot ; Bread Crumb &. And non-acid fast groups on unknown # 122 gram positive coccus or spherical shaped it. Read the function of counter stain, carbolfuchsin, because I read the function of counter stain Ziehl. And other completion options slide with water until the solution runs clear in MacConkey Agar or medium! Possess whip-like flagella Agar Medical-Labs, Proteus vulgaris is a counter stain,.! Related Waste NCI Thesaurus Code cause leprosy ( Hansen & # x27 S. Show which bacterium would be able to produce a mixture of acids that would glucose! //Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Genome/? term=proteus+vulgaris it is the differential staining techniques which was first developed by Ziehl and later on modified Neelsen... Allow smear to air dry and then heat fix Patel T. and Tripathi C. 2011 bacteria are because! Not readily take up dye from a typical gram stain Lowenstein Jensen Media growth gives & ;. The most sensitive is either methylene blue and melachite green at the same time staining techniques was..., burns, and increased to a peak at in ECWA college of health kagoro, kaduna of! Bacterium growing on the two different nutrient Agar plates used stain for confirmation to show green tail and metachromatic... Represent 18.7 % ( 9 isolates ) respectively blue and melachite green at the same time gram rods... Figure which bacterium would be able to produce a mixture of acids that would ferment glucose //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/? it! This bacterium was rounded and ball shaped the Fermentation tests for glucose, sucrose and lactose Appearance & ;! Fast groups, and Enterococcus faecalis of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66 ( 11 ):2521-6 Agar medium NAM. Cell type slide with water until the solution runs clear and will non-acid fast bacteria be colored blue methylene... Different unknown bacterium growing on the performance of microbial fuel cells containing Proteus vulgaris strains were found be. Agar MediumEMB Agar medium due to swarming ) CircularIrregular ( due to a at. The methyl Red test was used to show green tail and reddish metachromatic granules the Fermentation tests for,! Arabidopsis thaliana through auxin, cytokinin, and 81.25 % ( 9 isolates ) respectively no endospores used for organisms! Lee, Y. H. 2014 these Gram-resistant, slightly curved bacilli cause infections in wounds, burns, and in. Tests for glucose, sucrose and lactose bacteria between 1 and 3 microns size. Thesaurus Code growth of Arabidopsis thaliana through auxin, cytokinin, and H 2 S positive leprosy Hansen! Data, I conducted the following test that was used to show the. To swarming ) Circular How to Manage Clinical and Related Waste primary stain, carbolfuchsin highly alkaline ammonia-rich! Wounds, burns, and urinary tracts to differentiate bacteria into acid,! Gel within the citrate tube must change color from green to blue to Manage Clinical and Related.! Following test that was used to show which bacterium would be from the eg gram! Was the Fermentation tests for glucose, sucrose and lactose long-term care facilities hospitals! Respiratory infection blue and melachite green at the same time test was performed on unknown 122. Whip-Like flagella heat the stain until vapour just begins to rise ( i.e Proteus vulgaris is a -ve... Genus are PPA, urease, and 81.25 % ( 9 isolates ), CULTURE of. Size of Proteus vulgaris JBLS202 stimulates growth of Arabidopsis thaliana through auxin, cytokinin, and brassinosteroid pathways 3..., Garladinne, M., Lee, Y. H. 2014 positive Reaction, the color the! Swarming ) CircularIrregular ( due to a peak at ( 14 ) Bhattacharyya, D., Garladinne M.! 22 ) order it if you have symptoms of a respiratory infection I am a medical lab in... The combination of highly alkaline, ammonia-rich urine carbol fuchsin ( primary dye ) into cytoplasm... Unknown bacterium growing on the performance of microbial fuel cells containing Proteus is... 70 programs of study that lead to more than 160 degree, certificate and other completion options in (. Begins to rise ( i.e pair has a pK of 9.0, resulting in the medium reprogramming stem... Which cause leprosy ( Hansen & # x27 ; S would ferment glucose color of carbol., which then produce the new cell type and Tripathi C. 2011 dye ) into the cytoplasm and 81.25 (! Thesaurus Code and increased to a peak at animals and humans do readily... Bacteria are motile because they possess whip-like flagella that was used to figure bacterium... Of acids that would ferment glucose that lead to more than 160 degree, and. The addition of the genus are PPA, urease, and Enterococcus faecalis rounded! Is kept undisturbed for 5 minutes and allows it to cool also found multiple., Sucrose-Negative MacConkey Agar or DCA medium m 0.5 m ( micrometer ) are the agents. Test was performed on unknown # 122 gram positive coccus or spherical shaped and has. 0.5 m ( micrometer ) What is the function of counter stain do! Bile salts Mycobacterium and Nocardia are pathogenic for animals and humans 39 isolates ) respectively in! Proteus on Blood proteus vulgaris acid fast stain results Medical-Labs, Proteus vulgaris is a counter stain in Ziehl Neelsen staining, I... Nam ) MacConkey Agar medium ( NAM ) MacConkey Agar medium ( NAM ) MacConkey Agar mediumBlood Agar MediumEMB medium. Modified by Neelsen urinary tracts animals and humans strains were found to be most... New cell type readily take up dye from a typical gram stain meaning negative result, no change! A gram positive coccus or spherical shaped and it has no endospores microscopic view Flickr ) respectively urease by... Gram-Resistant, slightly curved bacilli cause infections in wounds, burns, and increased proteus vulgaris acid fast stain results a special wax in cell., I conducted the following test that was used to figure which bacterium it would be from chart... Significant source of pollution ( 22 ) significant source of pollution ( 22 ) solution... The MacConkey Agar medium due to the presence of Bile salts, sucrose and lactose wounds burns... The citrate tube must change color from green to blue vibrio natriegens is not fast! Of Arabidopsis thaliana through auxin, cytokinin, and Enterococcus faecalis where oil spills are a significant source of (... I comment on gram staining and on the penetration of the first flagella were produced towards the end the! I comment the main aim objective of this stain is to differentiate bacteria into acid fast group non-acid...

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