appalachian holler dwellers

Man, boy, and two dogs on porch in rural Kentucky, ca. West Virginia is sprinkled with quaint hamlets with equally quaint names, such as Looneyville in Roane County, population 500. Dark Holler: Old Love Songs and Ballads is a 2005 compilation album released by Smithsonian Folkways.The album is composed of Appalachian folk music 1960's recordings made and compiled by musicologist John Cohen in Madison County, North Carolina. JSTOR, the JSTOR logo, and ITHAKA are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. Because Adams himself grew up in Appalachia, the viewers are . 4 talking about this. Its important to note that the region is about more than just the Scottish and Irish immigrants who lent their language to the land. 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So it made sense to put out an open call for work from anyone who was making pictures in one of the 420 counties in 2014. . You can usually tell you're in a holler when you look around and see mountains in pretty much every direction; you're on a road with no painted lines; and, a dead giveaway, when you see a dog standing right smack dab . For the past half-century, Blake has handcrafted more than 800 of the ancient musical instruments called dulcimers brought to this nation by the first English settlers. Goldenseal captures much of the flavor of the mountaineers of West Virginia, publishing stories covering the life of ordinary West Virginians today and of those in the living memory of people. Sleeping on the Blacktop - Colter Wall. Vast financial empires have taken advantage of the myths of . From Deer and Turkey to Bear with . Shelby Lee Adams The current issue, for example, has a story about hog-killing day at Aunt Dories; another about Moatsville midwife Opal Freeman, who delivered hundreds of babies in the hills and hollers; a feature about the 50th anniversary of Arthurdale, W. Va., the first of more than 100 experimental resettlement homestead projects initiated by Eleanor Roosevelt in the Great Depression. But any time we make broad generalizations we paint a pretty limited picture. Man exiting a cave in the Appalachian Mountains. Demons of every description lurk in the forests. As weve seen, white southern speech has a Scots-Irish origin, sharing some of unusual grammatical structures yet is missing many other distinctive features of those dialects. College students learn 18th-Century spinning, weaving, blacksmithing, woodworking, fireplace cooking in iron pots, quilting, trapping, pioneer medicine. Often it is in the form of parody. All I asked was if the books were found to be of value I be sent a check for what the mini-libraries cost me, Comstock explained. Appalachian Journal, Vol. In better economic times, more than 300 people attended church here. Get the day's top news with our Today's Headlines newsletter, sent every weekday morning. In Comstocks words, it is crammed with everything anyone would ever want to know about the Mountain State, the entire cast of characters from Morgan Morgan, the first permanent settler, through the Bicentennial Year, what brought them here in the beginning and why they have stayed the way they have so long. 5, No. It would be easy. One of the most notable scenes from the film has had incredible staying power in pop culture, lending itself to the butt of nearly every joke at the expense of rural people, "Paddle faster, I hear banjos!" Josiah Combs claimed that the Southern mountaineers are the conservators of Old, Early, and Elizabethan English in the New World. Who we are and why we are that way, said Comstock, is best described by our states motto-- montani semper liberi --mountaineers are always free.. Left over from Scots-Irish immigrants? This series will explore a range of topics about Appalachian life and culture. So I asked seven other photographers whose work I really admire and [who I] am personal friends with to form an editorial board. Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. She has published a dictionary and written numerous articles on the subject. It's the depth of having real relationships.". I think the word shack was used near half a dozen times in the captions for those images. It is only as recently as 20 years with the incursion of radio, television and roads that the colorful language in the back country hollers has begun to level out, Dial noted. by | Sep 22, 2020 | Uncategorized | 0 comments. Dutch: from a pet form, formed with man 'man', of the personal name Holle, from an . European and African settlers to the Appalachian region often used similar methods of farming and clearing the land as Native Americans had done before them. Photograph by Andrea Morales, Turkey hunters near Keysers Ridge in Garrett County, Maryland. The Roots of Appalachian English: Scotch-Irish or British Southern? West Virginia is Americas Mountain State. He sold it to me, set it up, and its been a-workin right smart ever since. Fugate and Hamilton put a lot of work into finding appropriate people to discuss Appalachian . This is my little corner of the internet, right here on my front porch at 3,000 feet in Laurel Fork, VA on the Big Reed Island Creek. A "holler" is a small valley nestled between hills/mountains. Home Funeral would become one of Shelby Lee Adams best-known portraits of Appalachian life. For those that are willing to slow down and settle in for the long view, I hope this project offers something worthy of their time and attention. The derivation of each is fascinating. A dog howling three nights in a row means death is near. She stared at the photograph for a long time. 11, No. And then it suddenly hit us - What is the Appalachian understory? Its a relatively common thought that people from Appalachia are underprivileged, poorly educated, and backwoods. Leslie, October, 2007 BECKY: What inspired you to begin putting together this project? 2 (April, 1978), pp. 47-64, Language, Vol. That kind of emotional attachment to Appalachia and its people sparks the passion Fugate and Hamilton bring to "Holler Back!," a podcast run by two Appalachian Studies minors in the College of Arts & Sciences at the University of Kentucky. Breathitt County, Kentucky. I would just encourage folks to have a look at the project, and if theres anyone that wants to host a show, or host a talk, or be at a panel discussion, just give us a holler. Roger May. When I sat down at my dining room table with my Appalachian regional map and tried to plan a trip to 13 states and 420 counties, I realized pretty quickly that even on an accelerated schedule it would take me three or four months of being on the road to get around and make any meaningful photographs. To ignore their contributions to culture and language means Appalachia will always be a distant story, burdened by the myths and legends written by others, left half told. The captivating myth of the self-sufficient white mountaineer is deeply embedded in the American psyche, but it is a monoculture myth that dismisses other minority communities that were historically a part of Appalachian life, particularly African Americans, who are often rendered invisible from Appalachian culture (despite being responsible for the banjo, duelling or otherwise), yet made up nearly 10% of the population from 1860. 219-225, American Speech, Vol. He found her in the summer of 2008 at the head of Beehive Hollow, up a winding road, living in a house without running water or electricity. Breathitt County, Kentucky. Social vs. medical egg freezing: Whats the difference? Berea, Madison County, Kentucky. Why are we still having these debates. That broad brushstroke gives us, hopefully, a more balanced view of a place, and then each of those individual pictures tells their own story. 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Friday nights at the Boulder Mercantile is an 81-year-old tradition ever since the tongue-in-groove frame store was erected in 1904. These 19th-century novelists might seem to have little in common. Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures. But words are the least of it. The new show, entitled "Appalachian Holler Hunters," Never been in a doctors office. On the steps of a schoolhouse with his dog on South Fork of Kentucky River. The, Earl White is driving the jam. Two years later, in 1989, The Draggers put out a cassette entitled Yellow Cat. Some of our most insightful discussions about the work we were doing in Southeast Ohio occurred in the car while driving to and from places of interest. Scattered through the hills and hollers are a few stubborn mountaineers such as Sylvia OBrion, who hang onto the past by choice. Many have noticed strong similarities between white southern speech and AAVE, although AAVE isnt necessarily tied to the south. True False x Director Rory Kennedy Writer Mark Bailey Stars Bascum Bowling Clint Bowling Edgar Bowling See production, box office & company info Add to Watchlist 14 User reviews Nominated for 1 Primetime Emmy 5 wins & 3 nominations total Photos Add photo Despite the legend that theres a pure linguistic line from Scots-Irish immigrants to present day white Appalachians, this is just another myth. I never been sick. Comstock launched the 24-page weekly New West Virginia Review last September for supplemental reading for students enrolled in the West Virginia course, a publication filled with stories and information about the state. Most of the songs are done in an a cappella style.. More than half of the songs on the album are sung by Dillard Chandler, a "mysterious" illiterate . Thats what Roger May, a photographer with his heartstrings tied to Appalachia, is trying to do. BECKY: Where do you think this story is headed? #BLM & #LandBack That is what I've tried to do and those people have not complained and that makes me feel worth something. The Big Boys have transformed the land of the Holler rivers bubble with strange chemicals, strip-mined mountains crumble into valleys, and the air is choked with a toxic fog known as the Blight. Pictures of normalcy may require a bit more work. Today, in Appalachia limited opportunities for holler dwellers are caused more by internal insecure cultural attitudes than lack of programs. Its one of the ways Appalachian communities show solidarity and belonging. The Murfree is (partly) based on a 1700 (18th century) scottish group of inbreds living in the highlands. Mamaw died of emphysema in July 1990, when Nay Bug was 7. It is the other America because the very idea of Appalachia convinces us of the righteousness of our own lives. People dont always agree on what counts as the Appalachian region, except, it seems, no matter where you are geographically on the mountain range, if youre poor, white and rural, you must be in Appalachia. The First Legends of Grayson County Gathering in Independence During the first weekend of April, 2022, a new kind of celebration of the rich musical heritage surrounding Grayson County, Virginia was born. It has a circulation of 25,000. But theyve hit a snag, Randall Emmett, Ambyr Childers settle domestic violence restraining order dispute, Review: A reimagined Secret Garden fails to flower anew at the Ahmanson Theatre, Caregiver accused in Manhattan Beach child sexual abuse case believed to be in Philippines, Prosecution presents closing arguments in Alex Murdaugh murder trial, Intelligence agencies say theres no sign U.S. adversaries were behind Havana syndrome, Spain approves menstrual leave, teen abortion and trans laws. I thought it would be interesting to take a fresh look at a region half a century after the fact. JSTOR Daily readers can access the original research behind our articles for free on JSTOR. For members of the Hip Hop generation who came of age during the Black Power era, reality rap was an entry into the political power of Black history. Or something else altogether? We publish articles grounded in peer-reviewed research and provide free access to that research for all of our readers. White southern speech could have adopted and assimilated certain features of AAVE through white children spending formative time with slave caregivers and their children, for example. Home Funeral is something I can show my kids and maybe later on they can save to show their kids what kind of family they had, he says. How did you choose the final images? Theres a whole Appalachia that I think has been unreported. No Comments . Collins, like Sylvia OBrion, lives in a log cabin in an isolated holler but she has all the modern conveniences. 5, No. Hazard, Kentucky. ITHAKA. Starting in the fall of 2020 Stacie was joined by cohost Billy Devericks for season 2! JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. "Holler Back!" is a podcast produced by UK Appalachian Studies students Stacie Fugate and Michael Hamilton in the spring of 2020. 50, No. hide caption, "Today, it is becoming more difficult to find actual salt-of-the-earth people," he writes in the book's introduction. In the mountains of eastern Kentucky, such country wakes could last for days, as mourners emerged from the coal mines or drove out from the factories. A Kentucky mountain woman is here shown enjoying a book brought by a WPA pack horse librarian, 1930s. Thelma taught school at the Odd Elementary School across from the Odd cemetery for years as well as at the Long Wanted School in the next holler, a school so named because the people waited so long to get it. By November 21, 2021 google pay receipt generator. Wave after wave of mountains. Im proud to be a West Virginian., St. Albans poet Muriel Miller Dressler says: I dont apologize to anyone for my background or heritage. JSTOR is a digital library for scholars, researchers, and students. Get your fix of JSTOR Dailys best stories in your inbox each Thursday. Villagers gather around the potbellied stove in the country store each Friday night to play the card game Rook and to pass the news.. As the colonies began to get more populated, settlers began to push farther west. Language has an important place in the folklore of Appalachia and has evolved to become something quite different from its original linguistic sources. English (southern): topographic name for a 'dweller in a hollow', from hol + man (Old English holh + mann).Compare Holler and Hole . Language: Eind sits north-east of the cross point of the Blies and the left side tributary to it, the Schwarzbach.The village is located in the southern part of Homburg at the eastern border of Saarpfalz-Kreis at the south-eastern border of the State of Saarland.To the southeast, Eind borders with the town of Zweibrcken in the State of Rhineland-Palatinate. With little warning to residents, more than 130 million gallons of dark floodwaters tore through more than a dozen communities in the hollow. I dont wash clothes on a board like I used ta, she said, laughing. Eagle's Nest, 2008 Angelia and Banty | 2003, Appalachian man photographed by Shelby Lee Adams. Appalachian Mountain Cabin by Earl Palmer. The hardy, fiercely independent old mountain woman has never had a radio or TV. You know what I think? A place to fight. Welcome to my holler. Here she races at Crossville Raceway in Cumberland County, Tennessee Photograph. I looked around and didnt see anyone doing any committed photography project to mark that, and thats a pretty big milestone. Appalachian Culture Explained in 40 Facts. In 1949, the 30 families living in Mole Hill, W. Va., changed the name of the post office and the town from Mole Hill to Mountain. But most importantly, it means listening to people. BECKY: You use President Johnsons 1960s initiative, unofficially called the War on Poverty, as sort of a jumping off point to take another look at this region. Todays 5-year-olds will likely live to 100, How to take better care of your aging brain. 3 (SPRING 1984), pp. BECKY: Why do you think the more stereotyped images seem to dominate? It doesnt quite sound like it, though it is a unique kind of speech. the many grammatical changes from the standard dialect, track Appalachian speech back to their origins from the predominantly Scots-Irish immigrants that settled in the area, a frustrating cultural cipher in more ways than one, if youre poor, white and rural, you must be in Appalachia, hillbilly, white trash, and redneck., socially stigmatized as ignorant and uneducated for using incorrect English, its speakers hold fiercely to their own language despite the social repercussions, Appalachian cultural and linguistic diversity through immigration in and out of the area, a monoculture myth that dismisses other minority communities, a sense of place and of home seem particularly important, illegal to discriminate against someone of Appalachian origin, missing many other distinctive features of those dialects, major influences on how southern speech developed into its own distinctive dialect, JournaloftheAppalachianStudiesAssociation, On the Linguistic Study of Appalachian Speech, On the Use of Dialect as Evidence: "Albion's Seed" in Appalachia, The Southern Mountaineers' Archaic English, Dialect As a Deterrent to Cultural Stripping: Why Appalachian Migrants Continue to Talk That Talk, The Relationship of White Southern Speech to Vernacular Black English. A subscription costs $10 a year. West Virginia is soup beans, corn pone, biscuits and country gravy, plain American fare. Observations emerge everywhere in the field. Knowledge in these folkways are highly valuable for students planning to work in outdoor museums. Shelby Lee Adams' photography has been published in four monographs - Appalachian Portraits (1993), Appalachian Legacy . "With my personal work I take my time," he says. How few smiles there are. She uses an outhouse year round, even in the dead of winter. Please be respectful of copyright. "Holler" is our regional pronunciation of "hollow" in Central and Southern Appalachia. Her eyesight failed her. And when a man with a camera came and asked to take her picture, she said she wanted to lay a rose across her grandmothers chest. Some criticsincluding those featured in The True Meaning of Pictures, a 2002 documentary film about Adams worksay he exploits a region already saddled with stereotypes involving poverty and violence. I guess I dont see the point of freezing yourself in time, says Christopher Holbrook, the baby in his mothers arms in Home Funeral and now a dimpled 20-year-old in dusty jeans. The entire state is Appalachian Mountains. Our Living Language One feature of Upper Southern English and specifically of Appalachian English is its pronunciation of the final unstressed syllable in words such as . Fayette County, West Virginia. And they blame the photographer., Adams, 59, has roots in both the mountains and the middle class. Victorian Photos Retro My Old Kentucky Home In fact, Adams has spent some 30 years visiting and building relationships with the people in and around Hazard, a small city in eastern Kentucky where he was born. Without the influence of diverse communities of other Appalachians such as African American Appalachians, the southern Appalachian speech and culture simply would not be what it is today. 227 Maple St. Elk Park, NC 28622 (828)-387-1332. Half of me died, too, she says. ROGER: I think people in Appalachia are aware, to some extent, of the stereotypes. She used to tend a large flower garden, but now her yard is neatly kept grass. We started becoming inundated with photographs of broken-down cars and rail-thin kids out gathering coal by hand. Immigration is blamed for many of the countrys ills, yet Appalachian culture and language are strongly intertwined with immigration. ROGER: I knew that I couldnt curate this thing on my own, that if I did it would be my aesthetic at work. Completion Date: October 30, 2018. Students come to Salem College from all over the nation to live and study in 20 original log cabins dating back as early as 1790, all from the surrounding countryside and lived in until Randolph, 47, moved them to the college campus 10 years ago. Sign in to get custom notifications of new products! degree centering on 18th-Century West Virginia trades and skills. One of the things that everyone seems to know about Franklin County (named for Benjamin Franklin) is that the writer, Sherwood Anderson, once dubbed it The wettest county in the world.I am on Boyd land, just off Dry Hill Road. The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? So the theory of the poor, white, rural Appalachian mountain men going it alone, preserving a pure and unchanging strain of archaic British English, isolated in a hardscrabble place far from civilization, could not be further from the truth. This is "Trump-Country". Writing off a region is easy. , and backwoods cohost Billy Devericks for season 2 What Roger May, a photographer with heartstrings! Season 2 July 1990, when Nay Bug was 7 0 comments access the original research behind our for. Mark that, and two dogs on porch in rural Kentucky, ca taken of! Of Boomer Baptist Church in Boomer, west Virginia trades and skills violence injustice! A dog howling three nights in a log cabin in an isolated holler but she has the..., pioneer medicine is the Appalachian understory 'extreme cruelty ' around the global trade in frog legs, does! But any time we make broad generalizations we paint a pretty limited picture residents... And Southern Appalachia will explore a range of topics about Appalachian life and culture two... People from Appalachia are aware, to some extent, of the countrys ills, yet Appalachian culture language. And language are strongly intertwined with immigration the very idea of Appalachia and evolved! New products: What inspired you to begin putting together this project together this project Never... Four monographs - Appalachian portraits ( 1993 ), Appalachian Legacy more than 130 million gallons dark. Photograph by Andrea Morales, Turkey hunters near Keysers Ridge in Garrett County,.! - Appalachian portraits ( 1993 ), Appalachian Legacy fix of jstor Dailys best stories your! Pride, yet Appalachian culture and language are strongly intertwined with immigration centering on 18th-Century west Virginia and... A log cabin in an isolated holler but she has published a dictionary and written numerous articles on steps. Through the hills and hollers are a few stubborn mountaineers such as Looneyville in Roane County, population 500 dominate! Gravy, plain American fare stared at the photograph for a long time begin putting together this project,! Your fix of jstor Dailys best stories in your inbox each Thursday, Babels novel captured the violence... Emphysema in July 1990, when Nay Bug was 7 touch device users, explore by touch or swipe! Provide free access to that research for all of our readers of Appalachia and has evolved to become something different! In rural Kentucky, ca St. Elk Park, NC 28622 ( 828 ) -387-1332 lent their language the... Hamilton put a lot of work into finding appropriate people to discuss Appalachian photographed. Blamed for many of the countrys ills, yet Appalachian culture and are... And culture explore by touch or with swipe gestures she uses an outhouse year round, in. Provide free access to that research for all of our own lives research behind our for..., and two dogs on porch in rural Kentucky, ca of pride... 2020 | Uncategorized | 0 comments researchers, and students little in common poorly educated, and dogs... Of broken-down cars and rail-thin kids out gathering coal by hand aging brain I wanted internal insecure attitudes. The North Carolina Historical Review, Vol North Carolina Historical Review appalachian holler dwellers...., west Virginia woman has Never had a radio or TV the ways Appalachian communities show and... Then it suddenly hit us - What is the other America because the very idea Appalachia... Valuable for students planning to work in outdoor museums opportunities for holler dwellers are caused more internal! Up, and its been a-workin right smart ever since the tongue-in-groove frame store was in. Many have noticed strong similarities between white Southern speech and AAVE, although isnt. On South Fork of Kentucky River horse librarian, 1930s works as a badge local. Or TV an attendance board hangs in the captions for those images means death is.! A radio or TV the highlands, lives in a log cabin in an isolated but! Little in common the mountains and the middle class Adams, 59, Roots... The modern conveniences reclaimed and worn as a badge of local pride, yet culture. The depth of having real relationships. `` Adams, 59, has Roots in both the mountains the... Church here, 2020 | Uncategorized | 0 comments to some extent of... With our Today 's Headlines newsletter, sent every weekday morning, Adams,,... Move and git indoor plumbin and electricity if I wanted pioneer medicine vs. medical egg freezing: the. Jstor Dailys best stories in your inbox each Thursday cells hang around as we age, doing damage to full... Sign in to get custom notifications of new products the ways Appalachian communities show solidarity and belonging work... Was joined by cohost Billy Devericks for season 2 in Central and Southern Appalachia published in monographs! Stereotyped images seem to have little in common thats a pretty big milestone project to mark,! A board like I used ta, she said, laughing yet no. A digital library for scholars, researchers, and two dogs on in... A region half a century after the fact Murfree is ( partly ) based on a 1700 ( 18th )... 2020 Stacie was joined by cohost Billy Devericks for season 2 who lent their language the! Frog legs, What does cancer smell like with my personal work I take my time, '' he.. Collins, like Sylvia OBrion, lives in a doctors office nestled between hills/mountains board hangs in the.. Degree centering on 18th-Century west Virginia trades and skills in Garrett County, photograph. Cancer smell like local pride, yet are no closer to the body 2021 google pay receipt.... Local pride, yet are no closer to the full story a few stubborn mountaineers such Sylvia! You to begin putting together this project Elk Park, NC 28622 ( )! Of jstor Dailys best stories in your inbox each Thursday than lack of programs of Kentucky River a few mountaineers... Trademarks of ITHAKA 18th-Century spinning, weaving, blacksmithing, woodworking, fireplace cooking in iron pots,,... The countrys ills, yet are no closer to the South ) Scottish group of inbreds living in the of. Readers can access the original research behind our articles for free on...., Adams, 59, has appalachian holler dwellers in both the mountains and the middle.! In a doctors office yet Appalachian culture and language are strongly intertwined with immigration yet Appalachian culture and language strongly. Pots, quilting, trapping, pioneer medicine he recently married and now works as a of., set it up, and its been a-workin right smart ever since freezing: Whats appalachian holler dwellers?. Weaving, blacksmithing, woodworking, fireplace cooking in iron pots, quilting, trapping pioneer... The myths of Appalachian Legacy mountain woman is here shown enjoying a book brought a!, doing damage to the land and Banty | 2003, Appalachian Legacy and Hamilton a... Now her yard is neatly kept grass to people races at Crossville Raceway in Cumberland County, photograph. Planning to work in outdoor museums something quite different from its original linguistic sources, & ;! And Southern Appalachia, boy, and thats a pretty limited picture but she has published a dictionary and numerous! Appalachian man photographed by Shelby Lee Adams best-known portraits of Appalachian life and culture language has an important in! Think this story is headed smart ever since flower garden, but now her is! For a long time pretty limited picture put out a cassette entitled Yellow.. Has published a dictionary and written numerous articles on the steps of a schoolhouse with his tied! A 1700 ( 18th century ) Scottish group of inbreds living in the captions for images... More stereotyped images seem to have little in common her yard is neatly grass! We publish articles grounded in peer-reviewed research and provide free access to research! Ills, yet Appalachian culture and language are strongly intertwined with immigration book brought by a WPA pack librarian... ; in Central and Southern Appalachia people to discuss Appalachian cooking in iron pots, quilting trapping. Blacksmithing, woodworking, fireplace cooking in iron pots, quilting, trapping, pioneer medicine photograph a! America because the very idea of Appalachia and has evolved to become something different... Appalachian man photographed by Shelby Lee Adams best-known portraits of Appalachian English: Scotch-Irish British., 1930s original research behind our articles for free on jstor is blamed for many of the ways Appalachian show! Thought that people from Appalachia are underprivileged, poorly educated, and its been a-workin right ever. She says: I think the word shack was used near half a century after the.. Anyone doing any committed photography project to mark that appalachian holler dwellers and backwoods Historical,. As we age, doing damage to the full story gravy, plain American fare the steps of schoolhouse! Board like I used ta, she said, laughing, the North Carolina Historical Review,.... That research for all of our own lives their language to the South grew up in Appalachia limited for. A row means death is near dogs on porch in rural Kentucky appalachian holler dwellers...., fireplace cooking in iron pots, quilting, trapping, pioneer medicine Angelia and Banty | 2003 Appalachian... Of local pride, yet Appalachian culture and language are strongly intertwined with immigration the Murfree is ( )... All of our readers with immigration righteousness of our own lives jstor the! We started becoming inundated with photographs of broken-down cars and rail-thin kids out gathering coal hand. 22, 2020 | Uncategorized | 0 comments hardy, fiercely independent old mountain woman is here enjoying! Trademarks of ITHAKA listening to people we make broad generalizations we paint a pretty milestone... Of new products the ways Appalachian communities show solidarity and belonging the very idea of Appalachia convinces us the. Dark floodwaters tore through more than a dozen times in the folklore of Appalachia and has evolved become.

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